unit+11

=**PART ONE - PATHS TO WAR**=


 * Vocabulary** Define: labor, demilita- rized, appeasement, achieve, confer- ence, New Order, assume, sanction.
 * People** Identify: Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Chiang Kai-shek.

1. labor: **labor** may refer to:
 * Work of any kind
 * Wage labour, in which aworker sells their labour andthe employer buys it
 * Employment

2.demilita- rized: remove all military forces from (an area) // : a demilitarized zone.//  //3.// appeasement: 1 pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands // : amendmentshave been added to appease local pressure groups.// See note at  pacify.

4. achieve:     reach or attain (a desired objective, level, or result) by effort, skill, orcourage // : he achieved his ambition to become a journalist//  | [ intrans. ] //people striving to achieve

5.//  confer- ence: a formal meeting for discussion // : he gathered all the men around the table for a conference.// • a formal meeting that typically takes place over a number of days and involves people with a shared interest, esp. one held regularly by an association or organization // : an international conference on the environment | the third annual National Wilderness Conference.// • [usu. as adj. ] a linking of several telephones or computers, so thateach user may communicate with the others simultaneously

6. New Order: a new system, regime, or government // : a new economic order.//   • ( New Order ) Hitler's planned reorganization of Europe under Nazi rule.

7. assume : suppose to be the case, without proof // : you're afraid of what people aregoing to assume about me// | [with clause ] //it is reasonable to assume that such changes have significant social effects// | [ trans. ] //they were assumed to be foreign.

8 .sanction: a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule  // : a range of sanctionsaimed at deterring insider abuse. • ( sanctions ) measures taken by a nation to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or on participation in official sporting events. • Ethics a consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct.

People to identify:

1. Adolf Hitler: Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945), German leader, born in Austria; chancellorof Germany 1933–45. He cofounded the National Socialist GermanWorkers’ (Nazi) Party in 1919 and came to prominence through his powers of oratory. He wrote Mein Kampf (1925), an exposition of his political ideas, while in prison. He established the totalitarian Third Reich in 1933. His expansionist foreign policy precipitated World War II, while his fanatical anti-Semitism led to the Holocaust.  • [as n. ] ( a Hitler ) a person with authoritarian or tyrannical characteristics // : little Hitlers in the classroom.

2. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 19px;">Benito Mussolini:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Mussolini, Benito (Amilcaro Andrea) (1883–1945), Italian statesman; prime minister 1922–43; known as **Il Duce** (‘the leader’). He founded the Italian Fascist Party in 1919, annexed Abyssinia in 1936, and entered World War II on Germany's side in 1940. He was captured and executed by Italian communist partisans a few weeks before the end of the war.

3. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Joseph Stalin:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Stalin, Joseph (1879–1953), Soviet statesman; general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1922–53; born   //Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili //. In 1928, he launched a succession of five-year plans for rapid industrialization and the enforced collectivization of agriculture. His large-scale purges of the intelligentsia in the 1930s were equally ruthless.

4. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Chiang Kai-shek:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> (1887–1975), Chinese statesman and general; president of China 1928–31 and 1943–49 and of Taiwan 1950–75. He tried to unite China by military means in the 1930s but was defeated by the Communists. Forced to abandon mainland China in 1949, he set up a separate Nationalist Chinese State in Taiwan. //

days

March 7 1936- Germans enter Rhineland

March 13 1938- Nazi Union with Austria

September 15 1938- British Prime Minister Chamberlain visits Hitler at Berchtesgarden.

March 1939- Germany troops move to occupy Czechoslovakia.

September 1 1939- Hitler told the Nazi Reichstag that Poland had tried to invade Germany.



<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
 * QUESTIONS**
 * 1) Why did Great Britain give in to so many of Hitler’s demands?<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">He was powerfull and people were afraid. he had invaded and taken over many countries. he used fear as a weapon!
 * 2) When Germany signed the nonaggression pact with the Soviets, what dilemma did this create for Japan?<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">There are two schools of thought. One holds that Stalin was buying time, because he knew the Red Army was not yet ready to fight the Nazis. The other is that Hitler and Stalin became enthusiastic partners, which seems borne out by the facts. Stalin invaded Poland from the east two weeks after Hitler invaded Poland from the west. They divvied up Poland between them, down the middle. Nobody declared war on the Soviet Union over this, because they had already declared war on Germany and had all they could handle there, and they'd have to fight their way through Germany just to get at the Russians, and there would be time enough to worry about what to do after that was accomplished.
 * 3) List the reasons why Hitler’s pact with Stalin was a key factor in forcing Britain and France to declare war on Germany.<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Britain & France go to war as a result of the Invasion of Poland. This is on Sunday 3rd September 1939. The war would last very nearly 6 years.
 * 4) Create a chart, listing in chronological order the agreements that emboldened Hitler in his aggressive expansion policies.<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">He rebuilt roads and railways to create jobs for more people, and he rebuilt the army.
 * 5) Create a chart listing examples of Japanese aggression and German aggres- sion prior to the outbreak of World War II.<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Invading China with Infantry, armor (tanks). Bombing cities with twin engined medium "Betty" bombers, strafing ground targets with fighter aircraft. Invading Southeast Asia, with the same techniques...when needed, invading the Philippines with the same firepower, etc.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> =**PART TWO - THE COURSE OF WORLD WAR II**=


 * Vocabulary** Define: blitzkrieg, isola- tionism, neutrality, indefinite, partisan.
 * People** Identify: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Douglas MacArthur, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman.

Vocabulary: 1. blitzkrieg:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> ORIGIN World War II : from German, literally ‘lightning war.’

2. isola- tionism: a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, esp. the political affairs of other countries.

3. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">neutrality: 1 not helping or supporting either of two opposing sides, esp. countries at war; impartial // : during the Second World War Portugal was neutral.//  • belonging to an impartial party, country, or group // : on neutral ground.

4. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; line-height: 19px;">indefinite:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> • not clearly expressed or defined; vague  // : their status remains indefinite. • Grammar (of a word, inflection, or phrase) not determining the person, thing, time, etc., referred to.

5 .<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> partisan:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person. 2 a member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in enemy-occupied Yugoslavia, Italy, and parts of eastern Europe in World War II.

People to identify:

1. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Franklin D. Roosevelt:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 24px;">was the 32nd President of the United Statesand a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he was often referred to by his initials, **FDR**. Roosevelt won his first of four presidential elections in 1932, while the United States was in the depths of theGreat Depression. FDR's combination of optimism andeconomic activism is often credited with keeping the country's economic crisis from developing into a political crisis. He led the United States through most of World War II, and died in office of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly before the war ended.

2. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Douglas MacArthur:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">MacArthur, Douglas (1880–1964), U.S. general. Commander of U.S. (later Allied) forces in the southwestern Pacific during World War II, he accepted Japan's surrender in 1945 and administered the ensuing Allied occupation. He was in charge of UN forces in Korea 1950–51, before being forced to relinquish command by President Truma

3. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Winston Churchill:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Churchill, Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) (1874–1965), Britishstatesman; prime minister 1940–45 and 1951–55. A consistentopponent of appeasement during the 1930s, he replaced Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister in 1940 and led Britainthroughout World War II. Notable works: The Second World War (1948–53) and A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956–58). Nobel Prize for Literature (1953).

4. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Harry S. Truman:<span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;">Truman, Harry S. (1884–1972), 33rd president of the U.S. 1945–53. ADemocrat, he served in the U.S. Senate 1934–45. As vice president 1945, he succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Franklin D.Roosevelt during World War II. He authorized the use of the atom bomb against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, initiated theTruman Doctrine in 1947, introduced the Marshall Plan in 1948, and helped to establish NATO the following year. The U.S. became involved in the Korean War in 1950. Truman's victory over ThomasE. Dewey in the 1948 presidential election was one of the closest in U.S. history.






 * QUESTIONS**
 * 1) What prevented Roosevelt from responding to British appeals for help in 1940?<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Prepared the US for war and produced war material to "lend" to the allies.
 * 2) When the Japanese attacked American bases, what did they hope to accomplish? Were their ideas correct?<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor temporarily destroying the U.S. ability to launch major naval operations. This was their #1 priority. They were also already running major operations in Southeast Asia that required much of their forces. Anything they could direct toward the U.S. mainland would be nothing more than a pinprick, such as the Japanese submarine that fired on the California(?) coast and did little physical damage.
 * 3) What was the turning point of the war in Asia?
 * 4) How did President Truman bring the war to an end?<span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">The use of the atomic bombs on Japan.
 * 5) Explain Hitler’s strategy of attacking the Soviet Union. Why did his delay in launching the attack ultimately contribute to the Soviet victory over the Germans?because they didnt get passed dunmark and they didnt atack the army that was waiting for them
 * 6) Using TIMETOAST, place the events of World War II in chronological order. (begin with Sept 1, 1939 and end with VJ Day in 1945) be sure to include images and links to websites providing additional information.

=**PART THREE - THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST**=


 * Vocabulary** Define: implement, geno- cide, adjust, collaborator.
 * People** Identify: Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich

1. implement: a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment, esp. as used for a particular purpose // : agricultural implements.// See note at  tool.

2. Genocide: the deliberate killing of a large group of people, esp. those of a particularethnic group or nation.

3. adjust: 1 [ trans. ] alter or move (something) slightly in order to achieve the desired fit, appearance, or result // : he smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie | the interest rate should be// adjusted for //inflation.// 4. collaborator: work jointly on an activity, esp. to produce or create something // : he//collaborated with //a distinguished painter// on //the designs.//     • cooperate traitorously with an enemy // : during the last war they//collaborated with //the Nazis.//

People to identify: 1.Heinrich Himmler: Himmler, Heinrich (1900–45), German leader; chief of the SS (Nazi special police force) 1929–45 and of the Gestapo 1936–45. Heestablished and oversaw the systematic genocide of over 6,000,000 Jews and other disfavored groups between 1941 and 1945. Capturedby British forces in 1945, he committed suicide.

2. Reinhard Heydrich: <span style="font-family: Baskerville,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 24px;">was a high German Nazi official. He was//SS-Obergruppenführer//(General) and //General der Polizei//, chief of theReich Main Security Office (including theGestapo, SD and KripoNazi police agencies) and //Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor// (Deputy Reich-Protector) ofBohemia and Moravia

Poilcy

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> Forced Labor - Even before the war began, the //Nazis// imposed //forced labor// on Jewish **...** Forced and Slave Labor in //Nazi//-Dominated Europe. Final Solution - was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews during WW2, resulting in the final and most deadly phase of the Holocaust. //**Einsatzgruppen -**// were SS paramilitary death squads that took part in the systematic killing of mostly civilians, including: Jews, communists, intellectuals, and others. Death Camps - were built by Germany during WW2 to systematically kill millions of primarily Jewish victims.
 * Resettlement - resettlement of ethnic Germans to the former Polish areas annexed by Nazi officials.


 * QUESTIONS**
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #0000ff; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">How did the use of forced labor cause problems for Germany? Too many Jews rebelled.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: #0000ff; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Why did the Holocaust continue until the end of the war? Because no one except for the lead Nazi officers knew of it.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: #0000ff; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">How did the Japanese gain the support of people in occupied territories? Power, and influetial talking. Why did they eventually lose this support? They weren't proving anything.

=**PART 4 - THE HOME FRONT AND THE AFTERMATH OF THE WAR**=

<span style="background-color: #000000; color: #404040; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">**Vocabulary** Define: mobilization- (of a country or its government) prepare and organize (troops) for active service impact- the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another kamikaze- (in World War II) a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target. alternative- of one or more things) available as another possibility, Cold War- a state of political hostility existing between countries, characterized by threats, violent propaganda, subversive activities, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.

Albert Speer- (March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for part of WW2, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office.
 * <span style="background-color: #800000; color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">People and Event **<span style="background-color: #800000; color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">s Identify:

General Hideki Tojo- (30 December 1884 – 23 December 1948) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, member and succeeding leader of the Taisei Yokusankai and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of WW2, from 18 October 1941 to 22 July 1944. Some historians hold him responsible for the bombing of Pearl Harbor, which led to America's direct involvement in World War II. || ||
 * Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.36.43_AM.png ||


 * [[image:mshworldhistory:Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.37.32_AM.png caption="Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.37.32_AM.png"]] ||
 * Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.37.32_AM.png ||


 * [[image:mshworldhistory:Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.39.04_AM.png caption="Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.39.04_AM.png"]] ||
 * Screen_shot_2010-04-03_at_11.39.04_AM.png ||

United Sates- Planes, naval ships Germany- Tanks, planes, cars, everything. U-boats, ships. Japan- Planes, naval ships
 * Soviet Union-** In order to mobilize his country even more, Stalin ordered the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia to put down their arms and provide the Soviets with military bases in their countries.


 * QUESTIONS**
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">How were women used in the war effort in Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States? They were all working, because the men were not around to build anything.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">What was the theory behind the bombing of civilians? That the other country would surrender. Did this theory prove to be right or wrong? Right.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Why did Stalin object to free elections in Eastern Europe? He wanted to retain his office.
 * 4) <span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">List examples of Japan’s vulnerability to Allied air attack in late 1944. All of their planes were elsewhere. What type of U.S. aircraft was used for the heaviest bombing of Japanese targets? B-29s